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	<title>Jan Olof Bengtsson</title>
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	<description>Spirituality &#124; Arts and Humanities &#124; Europe</description>
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		<title>Jan Olof Bengtsson</title>
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		<title>Rue Cherif Pasha, Alexandria</title>
		<link>http://janolofbengtsson.com/2012/05/30/rue-cherif-pasha-alexandria/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2012 09:12:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jan Olof Bengtsson</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Architecture]]></category>

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		<title>Michael Haag: Vintage Alexandria</title>
		<link>http://janolofbengtsson.com/2012/05/30/michael-haag-vintage-alexandria/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2012 09:09:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jan Olof Bengtsson</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[References]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Photographs of the City, 1860-1960 American University in Cairo Press, 2008     Amazon.com Book Description: This is an intriguing collection of archival photographs that reveals the forgotten heart of a great cosmopolitan city. Using vintage photographs from the second half of the nineteenth century and first half of the twentieth, many of them from private family [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=janolofbengtsson.com&#038;blog=7083279&#038;post=16403&#038;subd=janolofbengtsson&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Photographs of the City, 1860-1960</strong></p>
<p>American University in Cairo Press, 2008     <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Vintage-Alexandria-Photographs-City-1860-1960/dp/9774161920/ref=cm_cr_pr_product_top" target="_blank">Amazon.com</a></p>
<p>Book Description:</p>
<div>This is an intriguing collection of archival photographs that reveals the forgotten heart of a great cosmopolitan city. Using vintage photographs from the second half of the nineteenth century and first half of the twentieth, many of them from private family albums, this book brings to life the world of that vanished Alexandria, a vibrant, stylish, and cosmopolitan city, the largest port in the Mediterranean, that was the prosperous gateway between Egypt and the world. Seen here in the setting of their homes and gardens, and on the city&#8217;s streets and beaches, the faces of those forgotten Alexandrians come to life: the Greeks, Italians, Jews, and all those others from around the Mediterranean whose energy and expertise helped modernize and develop Egypt, and who planted their family roots in the city. This was the luxuriant and evocative city celebrated by Constantine Cavafy, E. M. Forster, and Lawrence Durrell, and they too are included in these pages along with photographs of scenes and people that were familiar to them. Vintage Alexandria traces the development and growth of the city, follows its story through the dramatic events of two world wars, and above all provides a background to the city&#8217;s place in twentieth-century cultural history, through the eyes of Alexandria&#8217;s cosmopolitan citizens themselves.</div>
<div></div>
<div>About the Author:</div>
<div></div>
<div>Michael Haag is a writer and photographer based in London. He has photographed and written <em>Alexandria Illustrated</em> (AUC Press, 2004) and <em>Cairo Illustrated</em> (AUC Press, 2006), and he is the author of <em>Alexandria: City of Memory</em>.</div>
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		<title>Sir Frederick Leighton: Acme and Septimius</title>
		<link>http://janolofbengtsson.com/2012/05/28/sir-frederick-leighton-acme-and-septimius/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 28 May 2012 16:49:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jan Olof Bengtsson</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Painting]]></category>

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		<title>Modernitetens olika subjekt</title>
		<link>http://janolofbengtsson.com/2012/05/28/modernitetens-olika-subjekt/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 28 May 2012 11:50:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jan Olof Bengtsson</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Personalism]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Descartes&#8217; själ kan ej längre nå insikt om en tidlös immateriell ordning genom kontemplation av kosmos yttre ordning. Materians mekanistiska värld blir blott utsträckning. Detta är väsentligt för Taylors resonemang kring Descartes &#8220;disengagement&#8221;. Descartes&#8217; dualism kan förefalla strängare än Platons, påpekar han, men samtidigt har Descartes&#8217; själ på ett annat sätt än Platons ett &#8220;behov&#8221; [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=janolofbengtsson.com&#038;blog=7083279&#038;post=17499&#038;subd=janolofbengtsson&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Descartes&#8217; själ kan ej längre nå insikt om en tidlös immateriell ordning genom kontemplation av kosmos yttre ordning. Materians mekanistiska värld blir blott utsträckning. Detta är väsentligt för Taylors resonemang kring Descartes &#8220;disengagement&#8221;. Descartes&#8217; dualism kan förefalla strängare än Platons, påpekar han, men samtidigt har Descartes&#8217; själ på ett annat sätt än Platons ett &#8220;behov&#8221; av det kroppsliga, såtillvida som själen för Descartes bekräftar sin immateriella natur genom att objektivera det kroppsliga, inte genom att vända sig från det och absorberas i det översinnliga. [<em>Sources of the Self</em>, 146; Taylors ensidiga, till det översinnliga relaterade exterioritet hos Platon skapar här naturligtvis fortfarande allvarliga oklarheter.]</p>
<p>I analogi med Webers inomvärldsliga asketism talar Taylor därför om en &#8220;inomvärldslig befrielse&#8221; av själen hos Descartes &#8211; samtidigt som han erkänner att Descartes inte förnekar ett själens inträdande i ett okroppsligt tillstånd efter döden. [Ibid.] Väsentlig &#8211; om än kanske något ensidig &#8211; är också Taylors uppfattning att &#8220;[the] modern theme of the dignity of the human person&#8221; har sin upprinnelse i den rationella kontroll som människan/själen genom denna &#8220;disengagement&#8221;, och den nya vetenskap hon utvecklar på basis av den, utövar över såväl sina egna passioner som omvärlden, och som skänker henne en ny självaktning som rationell varelse. [Ibid. 149-55.]</p>
<p>Heidegger påtalade den anmärkningsvärda <em>tomheten </em>eller åtminstone <em>obestämdheten</em> i detta jag, detta själv som Descartes identifierat med den tänkande, andliga substansen. Det beskrivs negativt genom sin kontrastställning till materien, men vad som positivt kännetecknar det förblir vi svävande i oklarhet om. Dupré: &#8220;He never progresses much beyond showing that consciousness exists as an irreducible mode of being and hence that it must be attributed to a different substance.&#8221; [<em>Passage to Modernity</em>, 118.]</p>
<p>Man vill gärna tillägga att detta som han dock visar inte är någonting oväsentligt: i förhållande till den senare &#8220;radikala upplysningens&#8221; materialistisk-reduktionistiska försök är det naturligtvis i själva verket helt avgörande. Det är heller inte i sig oförenligt med de äldre innehållsliga bestämningarna av själen. Men Duprés poäng är självklart likafullt den här väsentliga: detta medvetande som blott medvetande utan positiva bestämningar, &#8220;[t]his disconcerting emptiness of the foundational self&#8221;, som Dupré uttrycker det, &#8220;announces its primarily functional future in modern thought&#8221;.</p>
<p>Här är också fråga om en utveckling av Duns Scotus&#8217; och Cusanus&#8217; ansatser. &#8220;Mind is what defines (and soon will constitute) the real in ideal categories and controls it through <em>praxis</em>. The modern self possesses little content of its own, and this poverty contrasts with Augustine&#8217;s conception of the soul, which to him was the richest of all concepts.&#8221; [Ibid. 118.] Dupré drar nu som många andra, och senast, <em>mutatis mutandis</em>, Michael Allen Gillespie, som väntat utvecklingslinjen fram till &#8220;its final conclusion in Fichte&#8217;s conception of the self as a creative act&#8221; [Ibid.]. Det är naturligtvis ett riktigt fullföljande, som vi i det följande skall få anledning att bekräfta.</p>
<p>Tomheten i det moderna subjektet var ett huvudtema redan i Webers analys av rationaliseringsprocessen, och det är idag lätt att se att ett av modernitetens centrala problem är det gradvisa uttunnandet av den &#8220;mänskliga&#8221; identiteten på detta plan, vi må kalla det jag, själ, själv, subjekt eller t. o. m. person. Den från det kroppsliga lösgjorda eller från början fristående identiteten reduceras till sina funktioner och förlorar inte bara sitt andliga innehåll utan ofta nog, fastän ännu ej hos Descartes, själva sin varastatus. Och detta gäller som vi redan sett stundom också Gud i den mån Gudsföreställningen kvarhålles i denna utvecklingslinje.</p>
<p>Men en fullständig teckning av förståelsen av det moderna självet kan naturligtvis inte förbise att den rent profanhumanistiska och materialistiska moderniteten &#8211; och för all del också ett stort antal mellanformer på väg mot denna &#8211; helt enkelt, och delvis i den kristna ortodoxins efterföljd, överför den väsentliga mänskliga identiteten till just det kroppsliga som Descartes&#8217; jag enligt Taylors beskrivning lösgör sig från. Vi har redan sett denna tendens framför allt hos Montaigne. Och  utvecklingen skulle här som vi snart skall se i en västerländsk idéhistorisk linje accelerera när insikten om den historiska och temporala dimensionens betydelse för bildningsprocessen, och för den identitet som återstod eller accepterades, stod allt klarare.</p>
<p>Vad vi i denna linje alltmer har att göra med är helt enkelt vad vi, förenklande, men, insisterar jag, tydliggörande, kallat &#8220;kroppspersonligheten&#8221; &#8211; i en oändlig mängd olika varianter från de mest sofistikerade och förfinade till de grövsta materialistiska. Här uppstår inte det problem Dupré urskiljer i det moderna självets innehållsliga och ontologiska förflyktigande till ren, tom form, procedur, funktion: &#8220;Already for Marx&#8221;, skriver Dupré själv, &#8220;the idea of a subject was a meaningless remnant of romanticism&#8221;. [Ibid. 119.] Ty hela det innehåll, alla de bestämningar, hela den rikedom som gått förlorat på det andliga planet, tycker man sig ju här finna ersatt på det materiella.</p>
<p>Men den analys som således Dupré som en av de senaste presterat antyder endast genom hänvisningen till de historiska vittnesbörden det otillräckliga i att ersätta den andliga uttunningen genom att helt enkelt förlägga identiteten till det kroppsliga &#8211; den rena profanhumanistiska materialismen som alternativ eller &#8220;lösning&#8221;. Det är inte bara gentemot den ensidiga formellt-procedurala idealismen som denna analys och kritik är tungt vägande, utan även mot det rent sekulära prisgivandet av den traditionella själens innehållsliga subjektivitet till förmån för en rent profanhumanistisk, och mot den åtföljande alternativa historieskrivning som Dupré blott antyder.</p>
<p>Emellertid finns även andra strömningar som Duprés analys, samtidigt som den förblir den riktiga för flera av den senare idealismens huvudströmningar, förbiser:</p>
<p>&#8220;In one sense the idea of self-making through self-expression may be traced back to early humanism. Yet the humanists mediated the self&#8217;s expressive power through its integration with nature and through its intrinsic dependence on a transcendent reality. The self of rationalist philosophy, however, serves a foundational purpose: the existence of the world and of God have to be established and defined by the thinking subject. In becoming pure project, the modern self has become severed from those sources that once provided its content.&#8221; [Ibid.]</p>
<p>Dupré talar här inte om vad självet är <em>i sig</em>, utan om vad det är i och genom naturen och Gud. Vi finner tre nivåer: självet-naturen, självet självt, självet-transcendensen. Den moderna utvecklingslinje som isolerar självet självt som tom procedural formalitet är endast en av flera linjer, om än central. I den moderna panteismen i dess olika varianter finner vi en reaktion mot denna det abstrakta självets isolering och en alltöverskuggande strävan till identifikation med och absorption i allnaturen. Men detta är ofta en produkt av den nya subjektsförståelsen i form av en reaktion mot den, och tanken på det radikala självskapandet är inte heller främmande i den moderna panteismen.</p>
<p>Viktigare är att moderniteten också uppvisar försök att förstå &#8220;självet självt&#8221;, d.v.s. självet på vad som uttryckligen var eller åtminstone i väsentliga avseenden kan jämföras med &#8220;själspersonlighetens&#8221; plan, i innehållsbestämda termer. &#8220;Intrinsic dependence&#8221; betydde för Augustinus inte att själen saknade en egen innehållsbestämd självständighet i den nödvändigt dualistiska relationen med Gud. Redan i Duprés formulering om &#8220;the self&#8217;s expressive power&#8221;, och, strax innan, i formuleringen &#8220;self-making through self-expression&#8221; ligger en antydan om någonting annat än blott procedur och tom form och självskapelse ur intet eller ur annat: någonting som visserligen formar och bildar sig, men som dock också i detta <em>uttrycker</em> något, något som det därför redan måste <em>vara</em>. Här måste finnas åtminstone en innehållsbestämning, kanske rentav en rikedom. Dupré anför Nietzsches ord om att</p>
<p>&#8220;modern man has &#8216;a small soul&#8217;. It seems an amazing charge to make after four centuries of unparalleled self-emancipation, and yet a justified one. In the course of assuming control of everything else the self has, as Kierkegaard put it, lost sight of its own identity. Separated from that totality which once nurtured it and largely deprived of the interiority which once defined it, it has become an indigent self.&#8221; [Ibid.]</p>
<p>Hur viktig denna sanning än är, kvarstår att den dock inte är hela sanningen ens rörande de filosofiska uttrycken för den moderna förståelsen av självet på detta plan. Man kan tycka att det omedelbara intryck man får av konsten, dikten, och musiken, under renässansen och under deras senare utveckling, fram till romantiken och nyklassicismen vid tiden för den idealistiska &#8220;kulminationen&#8221; av den utveckling Dupré tecknar, heller inte ger ett intryck av att bakom dessa skulle ligga blott &#8220;a small soul&#8221;, &#8220;an indigent self&#8221;. Det må vara hursomhelst med detta; det viktiga här är att även i den senare idealismen förekommer strömningar som vill förstå självet på ett ideellt plan, närmast jämförbart med själens, i innehållsbestämda termer. Vi skall se hur dessa antikens djupmetafysiska temata rörande förhållandet mellan denna ideella identitet och den temporärt-fenomenella &#8220;mänskliga&#8221; identiteten där återkommer och varieras, huvudsakligen under inflytande av den framträngande historicistiska bildningsdimensionen.</p>
<p>Självskapandet i tiden kunde också vara ett självfinnande, ett frambringande och manifesterande, för oss uppfattat som beläget i tiden, av den tidlösa väsenskärnan &#8211; vi har redan sett detta framskymta hos de renässanspersonligheter vi kastat en blick på. Det är när man närmar sig denna typ av frågor som det enligt min mening blir uppenbart att det faktiskt finns &#8220;stora frågor&#8221; i idéhistorien, ja t. o. m. &#8220;stora svar&#8221;, som ibland rentav förblir i det väsentliga identiska över tiden. Det djupare inträngandet i de personligt burna och historiskt varierade åskådningsformerna kan historikern uppvisa inte bara inre kontinuiteter utan bestående identiteter över tiden.</p>
<p>Inte heller det starkare argumentet rörande lösgörandet från det intrinsikala beroendet av den transcendenta verkligheten håller som tillräcklig modernitetsanalys. Descartes själv genomgick i detta avseende i viss mån en utveckling, som också låter hans hela filosofi ses i ett kompletterande ljus, ja t. o. m. den sene Fichte genomgick åtminstone i någon mån en utveckling som påminner om Descartes&#8217;.</p>
<p>I det oändliga har alltifrån Heidegger den cartesianska subjektsimperialismens tematik varierats, Descartes&#8217; reduktion av Gud till garant för människans kunskap, Descartes&#8217; metafysik som blott grundval för människans egoistiska exploatering, o.s.v. Dessa ansatser är förvisso uppenbara i synnerhet i Descartes&#8217; tidiga verk. Men de är, som en lång rad forskare under det senaste halvseklet framhållit, inte hela sanningen.  Och Descartes&#8217; tänkande jag är alltså heller ännu inte Kants eller Fichtes transcendentala subjekt/jag, utan både ett substantiellt-själsligt subjekt, och, i vissa av Descartes&#8217; verk, ett individuellt sådant. Det tänkande jaget är en distinkt substantiell varaart mellan Gud &#8211; båda substansernas grund &#8211; och den utsträckta materian. Dess instrumentellt objektiverande förhållningssätt till materien förenas hos Descartes med dess augustinska grund i Gud, vilken senare går utöver den partiella motsvarigheten till det instrumentella förhållningssättet hos Augustinus själv.</p>
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		<title>Alphonse Balat: Musée royal d&#8217;art ancien, Bruxelles</title>
		<link>http://janolofbengtsson.com/2012/05/28/alphonse-balat-musee-royal-dart-ancien-bruxelles/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 28 May 2012 06:30:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jan Olof Bengtsson</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Architecture]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Photo: Georges Jansoone<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=janolofbengtsson.com&#038;blog=7083279&#038;post=17480&#038;subd=janolofbengtsson&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-17481" title="Musée royal des art ancien" src="http://janolofbengtsson.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/796px-kmskb_brussel002.jpg?w=500&h=376" alt="" width="500" height="376" /></p>
<p><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KMSKB,_Brussel002.JPG?uselang=fr" target="_blank">Photo: Georges Jansoone</a></p>
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		<title>Loreen: A Review</title>
		<link>http://janolofbengtsson.com/2012/05/27/loreen-a-review/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 27 May 2012 21:00:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jan Olof Bengtsson</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Music]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Today I have been informed that we (Sweden) won the popular Eurovision Song Contest (le Concours Eurovision de la chanson). I have only occasionally heard songs from this contest over the years. I remember no more than two or three good ones (‘Si la vie est cadeau’, sung by Corinne Hermès in 1983 being the best, even achieving a kind [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=janolofbengtsson.com&#038;blog=7083279&#038;post=17470&#038;subd=janolofbengtsson&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Today I have been informed that we (Sweden) won the popular Eurovision Song Contest (le Concours Eurovision de la chanson). I have only occasionally heard songs from this contest over the years. I remember no more than two or three good ones (‘<a href="http://janolofbengtsson.com/2012/05/05/corinne-hermes-si-la-vie-est-cadeau/" target="_blank">Si la vie est cadeau’, sung by Corinne Hermès in 1983</a> being the best, even achieving a kind of classic perfection in its genre, and ‘<a href="http://janolofbengtsson.com/2012/04/07/nicole-ein-bischen-frieden/" target="_blank">Ein bisschen Frieden&#8217; with Nicole from the year before</a> charming in its own way), although there must have been more which I would need to listen to again. I have definitely noticed &#8211; and fortunately often forgotten - a considerably greater number of truly horrible ones, in the last few decades not seldom so embarrassing as to be almost unbelievable.</p>
<p>Elsewhere I have discussed and formulated my views both about the various genres of popular music and about the phenomenon of rating and grading of songs of the kind with which we have to do in the ESC, and I will not repeat it here, except for the basic point that when I write about these things, I intend it to be a matter of consistent application of the same aesthetics and criteria I use in the case of other music and indeed other art forms: this area should not be neglected, the paucity of real criticism leaves it to deteriorate further into a cultural wilderness.</p>
<p>I have now studied this year&#8217;s winner on YouTube. I don’t know anything about those who wrote the song. I had never heard or even heard about the singer, Loreen. And so I was surprised and impressed by her performance in the opening and first part of the song, ‘Euphoria’. The presence, emotion and soul in the first lines seemed to promise something extraordinary, almost sublime, within the parameters of the genre.</p>
<p>I deplore the fact that all or most of the songs are now in English (and that also for other reasons they now seem for the most part not to express anything of the cultural distinctiveness of the participant countries &#8211; not that they always have to do so: in this case the singer has Moroccan origins and would probably be very good if she did something Moroccan). “Why, why can’t this moment last forevermore? / Tonight, tonight eternity’s an open door. / Nooah, don’t ever stop doing the things you dooah. / Don’t go, in every breath I take I’m breathing you.”</p>
<p>The contest is in this respect becoming a true symbolic expression of what the European Union is unfortunately about. But for now, I have to disregard this. The romantic theme of love felt to open towards a level or dimension of the spiritual is not extraordinary, but the opening is passable and it could certainly be developed lyrically in harmony with the beautiful mood Loreen conveys and really incarnates in this first verse. These qualities persist also when she begins the chorus &#8211; “Euphoria / Forever till the end of time” &#8211; for the first time. This was surprising indeed, I did not think Eurovision performances were of this quality nowadays.</p>
<p>The problem is that the song doesn&#8217;t go anywhere from this point. The predictable, undistinguished beat machines then start beating their monotonous beat. They kill the potential magic of Loreen’s highly personal style. The lyrics, of the chorus as well as the following verses, do not develop the song’s theme on a sufficient level of quality, and their content is not matched by any further musical progression.</p>
<p>Loreen sings they (she and her lover) are “going up up up up up up”, that their euphoric love is “an everlasting piece of art”, that they “sail into infinity”, that they are “higher and higher and higher” and “reaching for divinity”. But the music doesn’t go higher. The “up up up up up up” part is really bad, both in terms of lyrics and music. The whole chorus is mediocre. One cannot lyrically express euphoria by simply repeating the word. The idea of focusing the whole chorus on this feeling alone, the passionate singing of the mere word for it, is misconceived, much too simple. And again, musically there is nothing in the song beyond what was there in the first verse and chorus &#8211; and was much better there, before the commonplace, mechanical beat terror.</p>
<p>A third compositional moment with a true transcendent lift-off of the kind the opening made us expect is missing. Instead, all that is added is the trite beat. When it stops for the second and the short third verse, one hopes the song will recover, as it were, but unfortunately the performance is then suddenly weaker in another decisive respect: it is difficult to hear most of the words Loreen sings.</p>
<p>The performance also, like almost all Eurovision songs in recent times as I understand it, relies much too heavily on dance and movement. This is simply a spectacularist substitute for quality songwriting and musical talent. Loreen’s sitting down on the floor (or podium) during the second and third verse is fine, genuinely expressive, feminine, intimate, and would have been even more so if the words could be heard and were better crafted. The qualities of the beginning could have been further developed.</p>
<p>But the choreography of the chorus tends to confirm that its expressiveness is of a different kind, much too much of the empty screeching &#8211; so common in this genre &#8211; about strong passion or sublime emotion without any lyrical, musical and emotional basis or credibility. This is certainly not the pits of a Whitney Houston (I am sorry to have to express myself in this way about the recently departed singer). But it is also quite far from, for instance, Céline Dion’s two good songs (in the sense that songs in this genre are good), ‘Pour que tu m’aimes encore’ and ‘Je sais pas’.</p>
<p>With these weaknesses, ‘Euphoria’ cannot be said to be a good song. Nonetheless, I will now try to find out more about Loreen and what she has done before. The promise of the beginning of this song may be hard to forget. For a little while, Loreen&#8217;s whole appearance seemed to point beyond the aggressive vulgarity of the event. To say “I love you Bakuuuu” after the song seemed misplaced, and detracted from the overall effect. (Perhaps all Eurovision singers do such things nowadays?) But the way she looked at the audience just before that made me think again about the beginning, and feel, despite the disappointment, that Loreen might have genuine artistic talent and could now go on to do other and greater things. There was, one hopes, more than cheap and crude entertainment in those eyes.</p>
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		<title>Idealism as Alternative Modernity, 3</title>
		<link>http://janolofbengtsson.com/2012/05/27/idealism-as-alternative-modernity-3/</link>
		<comments>http://janolofbengtsson.com/2012/05/27/idealism-as-alternative-modernity-3/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 27 May 2012 20:56:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jan Olof Bengtsson</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Idealism]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Idealism as Alternative Modernity, 1 Idealism as Alternative Modernity, 2 While the continuity of its Schellingian and Hegelian versions with the esoteric tradition is today obvious, and other continuities stressed by Muirhead and others are certainly not unimportant, modern idealism in the German post-Kantian and the Anglo-American line is often, perhaps even generally, of a [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=janolofbengtsson.com&#038;blog=7083279&#038;post=17472&#038;subd=janolofbengtsson&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a title="Permanent link to Idealism as Alternative Modernity: Introduction" href="http://janolofbengtsson.wordpress.com/2011/08/27/idealism-as-alternative-modernity-introduction/" rel="bookmark">Idealism as Alternative Modernity, 1</a></p>
<p><a href="http://janolofbengtsson.com/2011/12/09/idealism-as-alternative-modernity-2/" target="_blank">Idealism as Alternative Modernity, 2</a></p>
<p>While the continuity of its Schellingian and Hegelian versions with the esoteric tradition is today obvious, and other continuities stressed by Muirhead and others are certainly not unimportant, modern idealism in the German post-Kantian and the Anglo-American line is often, perhaps even generally, of a different kind, and introduced new and other elements. In my paper at the Idealism Today conference at Oxford in 2005, ’Idealism and the Renewal of Humanistic Philosophy’, I defended what I find to be the general truths in those lines of idealism. When I speak of idealism as alternative modernity, I have in mind primarily those truths, but I am strongly inclined to emphasize a need for a broader concept of idealism for this purpose too, an idealism reinforced, as it were, by the ”Berkeleyan”, esoteric, Platonic, and Vedantic elements that were decisive for my own early intellectual formation.</p>
<p>In most of those forms, idealism represents, and ever since antiquity in the case of some of them, an alternative to certain historically context-specific exoteric developments of Christian orthodoxy. Because of this, it often tended to become intrinsically and constitutively a part modernity, and both its rationalist, scientific, Enlightenment variation and its romantic one (as I have defined those terms in several publications). Scholars sometimes rightly focus on Hegelianism in the context of the question of the so-called legitimacy of modernity, but their interpretations of both Hegelianism and modernity for the most part seem, as in the case of Robert Pippin, unduly reductive. What is at stake, I suggest, is in reality much broader metaphysical and spiritual concerns.</p>
<p>Although it is perhaps partly because of my ”reinforced” idealism that I have never been able to see the various attempted refutations of idealism in the twentieth century as even very noteworthy, let alone convincing, I insist, as in my Oxford paper, that there are central insights of modern, specifically German idealism and its variations in the Anglo-American “empire of idealism” which are still very much valid, relevant, and indeed simply true, and not just of historical interest. The historical scholarship that dominates the presentations at these conferences help transmit that legacy even as most participants are not themselves thoroughgoing idealists, as it were.</p>
<p>Anglo-American idealism scholars long tended, and quite naturally, to focus on the attack of the analytical philosophers, and to a much lesser extent on the attack of phenomenologists, existentialists, and neo-Thomists. But no less important, I think, is to take a closer look at the efforts of, by now, generations of liberal political philosophers and Marxist historians of various stripes to try to isolate an admissible idealist prehistory of their own liberalism and Marxism and dismiss other important elements of idealism as exclusively part and parcel of the German so-called <em>Sonderweg</em>. Many of the latter elements, as characteristically analysed in works such as Fritz Ringer’s influential <em>The Decline of the German Mandarins</em>, entered into Anglo-American idealism too, even as the latter significantly modified them in accordance with the differences in their cultural traditions and mentalities. Much greater discernment is required for the understanding of idealism &#8211; in all its <em>worldview</em> ramifications, not just in philosophy but for the understanding of culture, history, politics, and religion &#8211; in Germany and in other European countries.</p>
<p>This is so not least in view of the factual historical course taken by modernity. Did idealism in my broader sense produce the modernity that, in time, turned against it? In my paper at the International Conference on Anglo-American Idealism in Pyrgos, Greece, in 2003, I explored this problem, and argued that, largely because of the opposition to the mentioned developments of Christian exotericism, the broader idealism (before the specific modern versions were developed) often turned into what I called a ”pantheistic revolution” which, because of its inner dynamic, generated the problematically one-sided versions of rationalism and romanticism which have come to determine the shape and substance of the main form of modernity.</p>
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		<title>Kiesel: Frau in Weiß mit Iris</title>
		<link>http://janolofbengtsson.com/2012/05/27/kiesel-frau-in-weis-mit-iris/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 27 May 2012 06:14:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jan Olof Bengtsson</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Painting]]></category>

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		<title>Ilana Mercer: Into the Cannibal&#8217;s Pot</title>
		<link>http://janolofbengtsson.com/2012/05/27/ilana-mercer-into-the-cannibals-pot/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 27 May 2012 05:07:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jan Olof Bengtsson</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Lessons for America from Post-Apartheid South Africa Stairway Press, 2011     Amazon.com Book Description: Into the Cannibal&#8217;s Pot: Lessons for America from Post-Apartheid South Africa is a polemical work anchored in history, reality, fact, and the political philosophy of classical liberalism. It is a manifesto against mass society, arguing against raw, ripe, democracy, here (in the [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=janolofbengtsson.com&#038;blog=7083279&#038;post=17454&#038;subd=janolofbengtsson&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Lessons for America from Post-Apartheid South Africa</strong></p>
<p>Stairway Press, 2011     <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Into-Cannibals-Pot-Lessons-Post-Apartheid/dp/0982773439/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1338093314&amp;sr=1-1" target="_blank">Amazon.com</a></p>
<p>Book Description:</p>
<div><em>Into the Cannibal&#8217;s Pot: Lessons for America from Post-Apartheid South Africa</em> is a polemical work anchored in history, reality, fact, and the political philosophy of classical liberalism. It is a manifesto against mass society, arguing against raw, ripe, democracy, here (in the US), there (in South Africa), and everywhere. <em>Into the Cannibal&#8217;s Pot</em> follows Russell Kirk&#8217;s contention that true freedom can be found only within the framework of a social order. It is a reminder that, however imperfect, civilized societies are fragile. They can, and will, crumble in culturally inhospitable climes. The tyranny of political correctness, so unique to the West, plays a role in their near-collapse. Advanced societies don&#8217;t just die; they either wither from within, or, like South Africa, are finished off by other western societies. Ilana Mercer delivers a compelling book; it is required reading for thinking people who care about the destiny of western civilization.</div>
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<div>Reviews:</div>
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<div>&#8220;The Western press promptly forgot all about South Africa after Nelson Mandela assumed the presidency. The commissars of allowable opinion pretend atrocities have not been taking place, and smear anyone who mentions them. Ilana Mercer will have none of the lies and omissions of the commissars and the cowards. For the sake of white and black South Africans alike, her compelling account deserves a wide and sympathetic audience.&#8221;  Thomas E. Woods, Ph.D., historian, author of the New York Times best-sellers <em>Nullification</em>, <em>Meltdown</em>, <em>The Politically Incorrect Guide to American History</em>, and the critically acclaimed <em>The Church Confronts Modernity</em></div>
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<div>&#8220;Ilana Mercer calls her book &#8216;a labor of love to my homelands, old and new&#8217;. The old is South Africa, which the author left in 1995. The new is the U.S.A. In both nations the founding European stock yielded up their dominance in the interests of justice and liberty. Instead of moving to equal citizenship under fair laws, however, both nations &#8211; in different style and measure but with similarly dire results &#8211; have embraced official tribalism (&#8216;multiculturalism&#8217;) and state-enforced racial favoritism (&#8216;affirmative action&#8217;). For South Africa the transformation has been fatal &#8211; brutally so for victims of the nation&#8217;s swelling social disorder, as Ms. Mercer documents in heartbreaking detail. For the U.S.A. it is not too late to change course. The lesson of South Africa, if widely known, will help to open American eyes. Here is the lesson, in a compelling and important book.&#8221;  John Derbyshire, novelist, <em>National Review</em> columnist, pop-math writer, author most recently of <em>We Are Doomed: Reclaiming Conservative Pessimism</em>, and all-round bon vivant</div>
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<div>&#8220;&#8216;The truth shall set you free&#8217;, a memorable Biblical phrase tells us. It does not say the truth shall make us comfortable or happy. <em>Into The Cannibal&#8217;s Pot</em> fits this mold: it is an interesting, important, well-written and well-documented book that informs the reader but is likely to upset, perhaps even anger, some or many of them.&#8221;  Thomas Szasz, the author of <em>The Myth of Mental Illness</em>, <em>Psychiatry: The Science of Lies</em>, and many other books</div>
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<div>&#8220;Egalitarianism leads to democracy; democracy leads to socialism; socialism leads to economic destruction; and democratic socialism in multicultural societies leads to death and democide. This, in shocking detail, is what Ilana Mercer illustrates superbly in her case study of post-apartheid South Africa. America&#8217;s political and intellectual &#8216;elites&#8217; will ignore this book, because it is politically &#8216;incorrect&#8217;. We can only do so at our own peril.&#8221;  Hans-Hermann Hoppe, Austrian school economist, libertarian political philosopher, emeritus professor of economics, University of Nevada, distinguished fellow, the Ludwig von Mises Institute, author of <em>Democracy: The God That Failed</em>, and <em>The Economics and Ethics of Private Property</em></div>
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<div>&#8220;If you want to witness the end result of what in America is called &#8216;diversity&#8217;, you must read <em>Into the Cannibal&#8217;s Pot</em>. &#8216;Diversity&#8217; is a euphemism for racial retribution administered mostly by guilty white liberals in universities, corporations, and government. It is a thoroughly collectivist notion that condones punishing the current generation of white males for the sins of the past. It&#8217;s most extreme form is practiced in post-Apartheid South Africa, and its effects are meticulously documented by Ilana Mercer (who also writes marvelously): rampant black-on-white crime, racist labor laws that have created &#8216;The world&#8217;s most extreme affirmative action program&#8217;; the confiscation of private property; economic socialism; state-sponsored terrorism; and, most sickeningly, the idolization of the corrupt and murderous Zimbabwean dictator, Robert Mugabe. The Western media ignore all of this because of their ideological love affair with the communistic African National Congress and, frankly, their support for many of these same policies.&#8221;  Thomas J. DiLorenzo, professor of economics, Loyola College, Maryland, author of the best-selling <em>The Real Lincoln</em>, <em>Lincoln Unmasked</em>, and most recently, <em>Hamilton&#8217;s Curse</em></div>
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<div>&#8220;Ilana Mercer&#8217;s well-documented, encompassing study is at once heartbreaking, infuriating, illuminating and instructive. Ethnic cleansing is underway in the once great nation of South Africa, but Americans hear nothing of it; they are deliberately shielded by the same parties that served to bring it about, the liberal elites in Western governments and the press who believe that white South Africans &#8216;have it coming&#8217;. It is white guilt and the so-called right of black reprisal extrapolated to ghastly extremes; political correctness on steroids, and all in the name of craven progressive ideology. If the West is ever to occupy anything resembling moral high ground &#8211; not to mention avoiding this fate itself &#8211; it will have to come to terms with its part in South Africa&#8217;s demise, and the misery, degradation and naked horror of those who now suffer.&#8221;  Erik Rush,columnist and author of <em>Negrophilia: From Slave Block to Pedestal-America&#8217;s Racial Obsession</em>. Erik was the first to break the story of President (then Senator) Barack Obama&#8217;s ties to the militant, Afrocentric, Chicago preacher Reverend Jeremiah Wright</div>
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<div>&#8220;<em>Into the Cannibal&#8217;s Pot</em> is well-written, courageous, and is clearly a strong socio-political tract on South Africa.&#8221;  Irving Louis Horowitz, Hannah Arendt distinguished professor emeritus, Rutgers University, New Jersey</div>
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<div>&#8220;An unflinching take on South Africa. This is well done.&#8221;  Jed Donahue, Intercollegiate Studies Institute (ISI)</div>
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<div>&#8220;<em>Into the Cannibal&#8217;s Pot</em> is brilliant, exceeding all my expectations. It is very courageous of Ilana Mercer also to attack the whole notion of &#8216;democracy.&#8217; This is a much-needed shot at a holy cow.&#8221;  Dan Roodt, Ph.D., noted Afrikaner activist, author, literary critic, director, PRAAG</div>
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<div>From the Publisher:</div>
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<div>This is a book about ideas and ideology. When losing an intellectual argument, there are despicable people who point an accusing finger and shout racism. In our dark times where mob rule and collectivist ideas resonate with so many, this appalling strategy can be very effective. To those who support colorblind civil discourse, rule of law, equality of opportunity, freedom, the golden rule (do unto others as you wish them to do unto you), liberty, freedom of expression and religion and private property rights&#8230;regardless of skin color or ethnic background (black, red, white, yellow, brown, green or violet), we extend the hand of friendship. To those who support all forms of thuggery &#8211; including totalitarianism, collectivism, fascism, extremist fundamentalism, unequal treatment under law, income redistribution, nanny state government programs and the soft bigotry of low expectations - your skin color and ethnicity are irrelevant&#8230;and your ideas belong in the dustbin of history.</div>
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<div>From the Author:</div>
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<div>Dedicated to my Afrikaner brothers betrayed, and to my African sisters, Nomasomi Khala and Annie Dlahmini, whose lives touched mine.</div>
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<div>From the Inside Flap:</div>
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<div><em>The daughter of a leading anti-apartheid activist blows the lid off the new South Africa</em></div>
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<div>About the Author:</div>
<div></div>
<div>Ilana Mercer is a widely published classical liberal (or libertarian) writer, and a fellow at the <em>Jerusalem Institute for Market Studies.</em> She pens WorldNetDaily&#8217;s popular &#8220;Return to Reason&#8221; column. &#8220;The titular tease&#8221;, writes Ms Mercer in the Introduction to <em>Into the Cannibal&#8217;s Pot: Lessons for America from Post-Apartheid South Africa</em>, &#8220;is meant as a metaphor, and is inspired by Ayn Rand&#8217;s wise counsel against prostrating civilization to savagery&#8221;.</div>
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<div>JOB&#8217;s Comment:</div>
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<div>Classical liberalism (libertarianism) and Ayn Rand are of course far from sufficient for dealing with the situation described in this book. And it is not possible to be a consistent follower of both Ayn Rand and Russell Kirk.</div>
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		<title>Jenny Lind</title>
		<link>http://janolofbengtsson.com/2012/05/26/jenny-lind/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 26 May 2012 20:20:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jan Olof Bengtsson</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Opera]]></category>

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